减小两栖车辆水上行驶阻力的方案探讨

针对两栖车辆水上行驶阻力的特点,重点研究了形状阻力和兴波阻力对水上行驶速度的影响,提出了相应的措施和方案,并对其可行性和优缺点进行了分析.     

分段履带式水陆两栖车减阻增速试验及数值仿真

为了研究分段履带式水陆两栖车的水动力性能,实现减阻增速,将尾翼板安装到水陆两栖车的方艉部,并开展了水池试验和仿真研究,两者的研究结果具有较好的一致性。通过仿真研究了车体的纵向重心位置、尾翼板的长度和角度对水陆两栖车阻力性能的影响,并分析了阻力成分的变化趋势。研究结果表明:车体纵向重心位置在540～560 mm 时,车体所受水阻力最小;在速度为3～5 m/s时,长度为156 mm,与水平面夹角为10°的尾翼板减阻效果最明显,相比于原裸车体的阻力,减阻率达到34.3%;加装尾翼板可以增加车体的尾部中空区长度,相当于增加了水线长,增大了长宽比。该研究表明:适当调节重心位置和优化尾翼板参数,可以有效实现水陆两栖车的减阻增速。     

基于反馈线性化及滑模控制的俯冲机动制导方法

以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,针对俯冲段精确制导及机动突防问题,基于反馈线性化与滑模控制研究了机动突防滑模跟踪制导方法。首先设计纵向俯冲及侧向机动弹道,其次利用反馈线性化将非线性运动方程转化为线性方程,基于该线性方程利用滑模控制对已设计的弹道进行跟踪,最终将线性跟踪制导律转换到非线性系统中获得非线性滑模跟踪制导律,该制导律完全基于飞行器当前运动状态,所需的相对运动信息大大减少。CAV-H飞行器制导实例仿真表明,该方法能够实现俯冲段精确制导及机动飞行,且对初始及过程偏差具有较强的鲁棒性,能够为高超声速飞行器俯冲段制导提供有益参考。     

碳化硼涂覆的碳纤维的抗热氧化性研究

用自己合成的裂解能得到碳化硼的聚碳硼烷,对碳纤维进行涂层,并详细测试了涂层碳纤维的抗热氧化性能。     

东乡野生稻NBS-LRR类抗性基因同源序列的分离与鉴定

基于植物的抗性基因具有保守序列,根据已克隆基因的保守序列设计探针,利用菌落杂交的方法,对东乡野生稻大片段基因组文库进行筛选,得到两个候选克隆.序列比对发现其中含有NB-ARC的保守序列,可用于后续转基因鉴定.     

改性 C／C 复合材料快速制备与抗烧蚀性能考核

采用液相浸渍法结合反应熔渗法快速制备了改性C/C复合材料，研究其微观组织及在氧乙炔焰和高频等离子体风洞环境中的烧蚀行为。结果表明：改性C/C复合材料主要含有HfC、ZrC、TaC等高熔点陶瓷改性相，其密度为3.83g/cm3，开孔率仅为4.71%。氧乙炔焰烧蚀360s后，改性C/C复合材料表面形成一层主要由HfO2、ZrO2、Ta2O5组成的致密氧化物层，材料的线烧蚀率为0.00518mm/s。使用高频等离子体风洞考核改性C/C复合材料球头模型，在热流量3.5MW/m2、驻点温度2293℃的条件下考核180s后，模型表面生成致密光滑的氧化物保护层，与基体结合牢固，模型形状及尺寸无明显改变，去掉氧化物后测得其线烧蚀率为0.00172mm/s。     

Round robin using the depth of penetration test method on an armour grade alumina

The depth of penetration (DOP) method is a well-known ballistic test method for characterisation and ranking of ceramic armour materials. The ceramic tile is bonded to a backing material of semi-infinite thickness, and the penetration depth of the projectile gives a measure of the performance of the ceramic. There is, however, an inherent variability in the results from this test method. In this work, the accuracy and the variability of the DOP method has been investigated in a round robin exercise. Six ballistic test centres took part in the exercise. A test protocol was developed, in which the threat type (projectile and impact conditions) and a procedure on how to prepare the targets were specified. The targets consisted of alumina tiles of two different thicknesses that were bonded to polycarbonate backing cubes. Two different 7.62 mm armour piercing projectiles were employed; one with a hard steel core and one with a tungsten carbide core. The projectiles and the other materials all came from single material batches in order to avoid batch-to-batch variations in material properties. These materials were distributed between the ballistic test centres. The test results of the different ballistic test facilities were collected and compared. There was not a lot of variation between the average DOP values obtained at each laboratory, but the variation in penetration depth between shots was high. The consequence of this variation may be less confidence in the test results, and a statistical method was used to evaluate the required number of tests that are sufficient to obtain an average result with high confidence. In most cases, the required number of tests is much higher than what is practically feasible. This work was conducted as part of the European Defence Agency-project CERAMBALL.     

纸面石膏板耐火性能试验研究

利用扫描电子显微镜，对经历不同温度和冷却方式的纸面石膏板试块的显微结构进行观察和分析。结果表明：在不同受热温度和冷却方式条件下，纸面石膏板的结构和强度将发生改变。当受热温度达到300℃时，护面纸与石膏芯材结合松动，护面纸发生热分解、炭化，石膏芯材产生裂纹，网状晶体骨架结构疏松、断裂、破碎，完整性遭到破坏，强度基本丧失；受热温度越高，纸面石膏板结构和强度的破坏越严重。     

导电水泥电阻的交直流电测试方法研究

采用交、直流电对不同膨胀石墨含量的导电水泥电阻进行测量，根据试验数据对比，分析了交、直流电对电阻测量的影响，同时，研究了不同的交流电压对测量导电水泥电阻的影响，为导电水泥电阻的工程化测量奠定了基础。     

异形表面遮弹层抗侵彻性能的有限元模拟分析

简要综述了异形表面技术和遮弹层技术抵抗钻地弹的一些特点,提出了一种新型的异形表面遮弹层的设计构想,并采用ANSYS软件对高速弹对该新型遮弹层侵彻过程进行了数值模拟分析。结果显示,异形表面遮弹层能比传统的遮弹层更有效地改变钻地弹的攻击角度和降低其竖向钻地速度,尤其能使高速弹的钻地速度发生显著的衰减,这对防护工程的实际工作有一定的参考意义。